Mahfouz, Naguib
Mahfouz, Naguib (Naguib Mahfouz) (Nagīb Maḥfūẓ) (December 11, 1911 - August 30, 2006). Nobel Prize winning Egyptian writer. Naguib Mahfouz was born on December 11, 1911 in the Gamaliya quarter of Cairo. He was named after Professor Naguib Pasha Mahfouz, the renowned Coptic physician who delivered him.
Mahfouz was born into an ordinary family, as the youngest of seven children. The Mahfouz family lived in two popular districts of the town, in el-Gamaleyya, from where they moved in 1924 to el-Abbaseyya, then a new Cairo suburb, both provided the backdrop for many of Mahfouz's writings. His father, whom Mahfouz described as having been "old fashioned", was a civil servant and Mahfouz eventually followed in his father's footsteps. In his childhood, Mahfouz read extensively. His mother often too him to museums and Egyptian history later became a major theme in many of his books.
Mahfouz was educated at King Fuad I University (now University of Cairo). While he studied, he wrote for professional journals, and after graduating he started writing fiction and published more than 80 short stories in less than six years.
A longtime civil servant, Mahfouz served in the Ministry of Mortmain Endowments, then as Director of Censorship in the Bureau of Art, Director of the Foundation for the Support of the Cinema, and, finally, as a consultant to the Ministry of Culture.
While working at the Ministry of Religious Affairs from 1939 to 1954, he published three volumes of Pharaonic novels. After that he started writing novels of social realism, as well as screenplays for films.
Mahfouz wrote in strict Modern Standard Arabic. His style was clear cut, focusing mainly on stories from everyday life, without much in the way of moralizing lectures, free from ideology and seldom with a liberal use of symbolism.
Mahfouz’s aim with writing was to tell a good story, to preserve a moment in history and to present true people for readers in a distant future. However, beginning in the 1960s, Mahfouz experimented with more complex styles and symbolism. This production was not counted among his best and also only managed to reach a small audience.
His main work was the Cairo Trilogy (Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, Sugar Street) which was finished in 1952, but was first published in 1956 and 1957. This trilogy has been compared to Dickens and Dostoyevsky in large part due to the way Mahfouz depicts the city where the stories take place.
Many of Mahfouz's novels were first published in serialized form, including Children of Gebelawi and Midaq Alley which was adapted into a Mexican film starring Salma Hayek (El callejon de los milagros).
Mahfouz, Naguib (Naguib Mahfouz) (Nagīb Maḥfūẓ) (December 11, 1911 - August 30, 2006). Nobel Prize winning Egyptian writer. Naguib Mahfouz was born on December 11, 1911 in the Gamaliya quarter of Cairo. He was named after Professor Naguib Pasha Mahfouz, the renowned Coptic physician who delivered him.
Mahfouz was born into an ordinary family, as the youngest of seven children. The Mahfouz family lived in two popular districts of the town, in el-Gamaleyya, from where they moved in 1924 to el-Abbaseyya, then a new Cairo suburb, both provided the backdrop for many of Mahfouz's writings. His father, whom Mahfouz described as having been "old fashioned", was a civil servant and Mahfouz eventually followed in his father's footsteps. In his childhood, Mahfouz read extensively. His mother often too him to museums and Egyptian history later became a major theme in many of his books.
Mahfouz was educated at King Fuad I University (now University of Cairo). While he studied, he wrote for professional journals, and after graduating he started writing fiction and published more than 80 short stories in less than six years.
A longtime civil servant, Mahfouz served in the Ministry of Mortmain Endowments, then as Director of Censorship in the Bureau of Art, Director of the Foundation for the Support of the Cinema, and, finally, as a consultant to the Ministry of Culture.
While working at the Ministry of Religious Affairs from 1939 to 1954, he published three volumes of Pharaonic novels. After that he started writing novels of social realism, as well as screenplays for films.
Mahfouz wrote in strict Modern Standard Arabic. His style was clear cut, focusing mainly on stories from everyday life, without much in the way of moralizing lectures, free from ideology and seldom with a liberal use of symbolism.
Mahfouz’s aim with writing was to tell a good story, to preserve a moment in history and to present true people for readers in a distant future. However, beginning in the 1960s, Mahfouz experimented with more complex styles and symbolism. This production was not counted among his best and also only managed to reach a small audience.
His main work was the Cairo Trilogy (Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, Sugar Street) which was finished in 1952, but was first published in 1956 and 1957. This trilogy has been compared to Dickens and Dostoyevsky in large part due to the way Mahfouz depicts the city where the stories take place.
Many of Mahfouz's novels were first published in serialized form, including Children of Gebelawi and Midaq Alley which was adapted into a Mexican film starring Salma Hayek (El callejon de los milagros).
Children of Gebelawi (1959), one of Mahfouz's best known works, was banned in Egypt for alleged blasphemy over its allegorical portrayal of God and the monotheistic Abrahamic faiths of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Mahfouz is the most read Arabic novelist outside the Arabic world, but has had a declining audience in Arab countries. He was honored with the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature. After supporting president Sadat’s peace treaty with Israel in 1979, Mahfouz had his books banned in some Arab countries.
In 1989, after the fatwa for apostasy was issued against Salman Rushdie, a blind Egyptian cleric, Omar Abdul-Rahman, told a journalist that if Mahfouz had been punished for writing Children of Gebelawi, Rushdie would not have dared publish his. Sheikh Omar always maintained that this was not a fatwa, but in 1994 Islamic extremists, believing that it had been one, attempted to assassinate the then 82 year old Mahfouz, stabbing him in the neck outside his Cairo home. He survived and lived afterward under constant bodyguard protection.
The major works of Naguib Mahfouz are: The Whisper of Madness (1938); Mockery of the Fates (1939); Modern Cairo (1945); Khan al-Khalili (1945); Middaq Alley (1947); Beginning and End (1950); Cairo Trilogy (1952); Children of Gebelawi (1959); The Thief and the Dogs (1961); Quail and Autumn (1962); Chatting on the Nile (1966); Miramar (1967); Mirrors (1972); al-Karnak (1974); and Love and the Veil (1980). Many of these works have been translated into several languages, including Hebrew.
In July 2006, Mahfouz was taken to intensive care after an injury to his head upon falling. He died at the age of 94 on August 30, 2006 in a Cairo hospital..
The works of Naguib Mahfouz include:
* Old Egypt (1932)
* Whisper of Madness (1938)
* Mockery of the Fates (1939)
* Rhadopis of Nubia (1943)
* The Struggle of Thebes (1944)
* Modern Cairo (1945)
* Khan El-Khalili (1945)
* Midaq Alley (1947)
* The Mirage (1948)
* The Beginning and The End (1950)
* Cairo Trilogy (1956–57)
* Palace Walk (1956)
* Palace of Desire (1957)
* Sugar Street (1957)
* Children of Gebelawi (1959)
* The Thief and the Dogs (1961)
* Quail and Autumn (1962)
* God's World (1962)
* Zaabalawi (1963)
* The Search (1964)
* The Beggar (1965)
* Adrift on the Nile (1966)
* Miramar (1967)
* The Pub of the Black Cat (1969)
* A story without a beginning or an ending (1971)
* The Honeymoon (1971)
* Mirrors (1972)
* Love under the rain (1973)
* The Crime (1973)
* al-Karnak (1974)
* Respected Sir (1975)
* The Harafish (1977)
* Love above the Pyramid Plateau (1979)
* The Devil Preaches (1979)
* Love and the Veil (1980)
* Arabian Nights and Days (1981)
* Wedding Song (1981)
* One hour remains (1982)
* The Journey of Ibn Fattouma (1983)
* Akhenaten, Dweller in Truth (1985)
* The Day the Leader was Killed (1985)
* Speaking the morning and evening (1987)
* Fountain and Tomb (1988)
* Echoes of an Autobiography (1994)
* Dreams of the Rehabilitation Period (2004)
* The Seventh Heaven (2005)
Naguib Mahfouz see Mahfouz, Naguib
Nagib Mahfuz see Mahfouz, Naguib
Mahfuz, Nagib see Mahfouz, Naguib
Mahfouz is the most read Arabic novelist outside the Arabic world, but has had a declining audience in Arab countries. He was honored with the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature. After supporting president Sadat’s peace treaty with Israel in 1979, Mahfouz had his books banned in some Arab countries.
In 1989, after the fatwa for apostasy was issued against Salman Rushdie, a blind Egyptian cleric, Omar Abdul-Rahman, told a journalist that if Mahfouz had been punished for writing Children of Gebelawi, Rushdie would not have dared publish his. Sheikh Omar always maintained that this was not a fatwa, but in 1994 Islamic extremists, believing that it had been one, attempted to assassinate the then 82 year old Mahfouz, stabbing him in the neck outside his Cairo home. He survived and lived afterward under constant bodyguard protection.
The major works of Naguib Mahfouz are: The Whisper of Madness (1938); Mockery of the Fates (1939); Modern Cairo (1945); Khan al-Khalili (1945); Middaq Alley (1947); Beginning and End (1950); Cairo Trilogy (1952); Children of Gebelawi (1959); The Thief and the Dogs (1961); Quail and Autumn (1962); Chatting on the Nile (1966); Miramar (1967); Mirrors (1972); al-Karnak (1974); and Love and the Veil (1980). Many of these works have been translated into several languages, including Hebrew.
In July 2006, Mahfouz was taken to intensive care after an injury to his head upon falling. He died at the age of 94 on August 30, 2006 in a Cairo hospital..
The works of Naguib Mahfouz include:
* Old Egypt (1932)
* Whisper of Madness (1938)
* Mockery of the Fates (1939)
* Rhadopis of Nubia (1943)
* The Struggle of Thebes (1944)
* Modern Cairo (1945)
* Khan El-Khalili (1945)
* Midaq Alley (1947)
* The Mirage (1948)
* The Beginning and The End (1950)
* Cairo Trilogy (1956–57)
* Palace Walk (1956)
* Palace of Desire (1957)
* Sugar Street (1957)
* Children of Gebelawi (1959)
* The Thief and the Dogs (1961)
* Quail and Autumn (1962)
* God's World (1962)
* Zaabalawi (1963)
* The Search (1964)
* The Beggar (1965)
* Adrift on the Nile (1966)
* Miramar (1967)
* The Pub of the Black Cat (1969)
* A story without a beginning or an ending (1971)
* The Honeymoon (1971)
* Mirrors (1972)
* Love under the rain (1973)
* The Crime (1973)
* al-Karnak (1974)
* Respected Sir (1975)
* The Harafish (1977)
* Love above the Pyramid Plateau (1979)
* The Devil Preaches (1979)
* Love and the Veil (1980)
* Arabian Nights and Days (1981)
* Wedding Song (1981)
* One hour remains (1982)
* The Journey of Ibn Fattouma (1983)
* Akhenaten, Dweller in Truth (1985)
* The Day the Leader was Killed (1985)
* Speaking the morning and evening (1987)
* Fountain and Tomb (1988)
* Echoes of an Autobiography (1994)
* Dreams of the Rehabilitation Period (2004)
* The Seventh Heaven (2005)
Naguib Mahfouz see Mahfouz, Naguib
Nagib Mahfuz see Mahfouz, Naguib
Mahfuz, Nagib see Mahfouz, Naguib
Mahjar, al-
Mahjar, al- (in plural form, al-mahajir). Name given in Arabic to places in North, Middle and South America to which Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian and other Arabs have emigrated (in Arabic, hajara).
Al-Mahjar is a term that refers to the lands of diaspora of Arabs, around the world. It can also be a general term for the diaspora. The New York Pen League of Arab poets in the United States, which included writers like Ameen Rihani and Khalil Gibran, was often referred to as Al-Mahjar.
Mahjar is a term that refers to the lands of diaspora of Arabs,around the world. It can also be a general term for the diaspora. The New York Pen League of Arab poets in the United States, which included writers like Ameen Rihani and Khalil Gibran, was often referred to as Al-Mahjar.
Mahajir, al- see Mahjar, al-
Mahmoud, AdelMahjar, al- (in plural form, al-mahajir). Name given in Arabic to places in North, Middle and South America to which Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian and other Arabs have emigrated (in Arabic, hajara).
Al-Mahjar is a term that refers to the lands of diaspora of Arabs, around the world. It can also be a general term for the diaspora. The New York Pen League of Arab poets in the United States, which included writers like Ameen Rihani and Khalil Gibran, was often referred to as Al-Mahjar.
Mahjar is a term that refers to the lands of diaspora of Arabs,around the world. It can also be a general term for the diaspora. The New York Pen League of Arab poets in the United States, which included writers like Ameen Rihani and Khalil Gibran, was often referred to as Al-Mahjar.
Mahajir, al- see Mahjar, al-
Adel Mahmoud (b. August 24, 1941, Cairo, Egypt – d. June 11, 2018, New York City, New York) was an Egyptian-born American doctor and expert in infectious diseases. He was credited with developing the HPV and rotavirus vaccines while serving as president of Merck Vaccines. After retiring from Merck he became a professor at Princeton University.
Mahmoud was born on August 24, 1941 in Cairo, Egypt. His father Abdelfattah Mahmoud, who worked as an agricultural engineer, died of pneumonia when Adel was ten. Adel had been sent to buy penicillin, but when he rushed home his father had already died. He was profoundly influenced by the experience. Mahmoud graduated from the University of Cairo in 1963 with an M.D. His mother, Fathia Osman, had been accepted by the university's medical school but was prevented from attending by her brother, who thought women should not be doctors.
While a university student, Mahmood actively participated in politics and served as a leader in the youth move
ment of President Gamal Abdel Nasser. As the political climate changed, he moved to the United Kingdom to continue his education, and earned a Ph.D. from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1971. In 1973, he emigrated to the United States and became a postdoctoral researcher at Case Western Reserve University, in Cleveland, and eventually rose to chair the university's Department of Medicine in 1987.
ment of President Gamal Abdel Nasser. As the political climate changed, he moved to the United Kingdom to continue his education, and earned a Ph.D. from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1971. In 1973, he emigrated to the United States and became a postdoctoral researcher at Case Western Reserve University, in Cleveland, and eventually rose to chair the university's Department of Medicine in 1987.
In 1988, Merck & Co. recruited Mahmoud as president of its vaccine division. During his tenure, Mahmoud oversaw the development of several vaccines important to public health, including the rotavirus vaccine and the HPV vaccine. The former prevents potentially fatal diarrhea for young children caused by rotavirus, while the latter (Gardasil) prevents several cancers, most importantly cervix cancer, caused by the human papillomavirus. His role was considered pivotal as he overcame significant doubt about the viability of the vaccines and succeeded in bringing them to market.
After retiring from Merck in 2006, Mahmoud became a policy analyst at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs of Princeton University in 2007, and professor of Princeton's Department of Molecular Biology in 2011.
On June 11, 2018, Mahmoud died from a brain hemorrhage at Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital in New York City.
Mahmoud met Dr. Sally Hodder, also an infectious-disease expert, at Case Western Reserve in 1976. They married in 1993. He had a stepson, Jay Thornton.
Mahmoud had a sister, Olfat Abdelfattah, and a brother, Mahmoud Abdelfattah, both doctors.
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