Obgoni
Obgoni (Ohogobo). In colonial Brazil, a powerful, secret Hausa society organized by black Muslim slaves in Bahia around 1812. The society generally follows the same pattern as similar societies in West Africa. On February 28, 1813, 600 Obgoni blacks rose in revolt in the city of Bahia, burning part of the city and killing many whites in the battle. The rebellion was crushed by government forces. Many slaves were executed, others were imprisoned, and some were deported to penal settlements in Angola, Benguela, and Mozambique.
Obgoni (Ohogobo). In colonial Brazil, a powerful, secret Hausa society organized by black Muslim slaves in Bahia around 1812. The society generally follows the same pattern as similar societies in West Africa. On February 28, 1813, 600 Obgoni blacks rose in revolt in the city of Bahia, burning part of the city and killing many whites in the battle. The rebellion was crushed by government forces. Many slaves were executed, others were imprisoned, and some were deported to penal settlements in Angola, Benguela, and Mozambique.
Ohogobo see Obgoni
Og
Og (‘Uj ibn ‘Anaq) was the king of Bashan in modern Syria who was mentioned in the Old Testament. The Qur’an does not mention him, but the giant king is described by Abu Ja‘far al-Tabari, Abu Mansur al-Husayn al-Tha‘alibi and Abu’l-Hasan al-Kisa’i.
According to several books of the Old Testament, Og was an ancient Amorite king of Jerusalem who, along with an army, was slain by Joshua and his men at the battle of Edrei (probably modern day Daraa, Syria). The internal chronology of the Deuteronomistic History and the Torah would suggest Og's overthrow and the conquest of Canaan by Israel around c. 1500 or 1200 B.C.T., although Bible critics attest that these books may have been written no earlier than the 7th-6th centuries B.C.T., and are considered by some Bible critics to be of uncertain historical accuracy.
Og, the giant of the Amorites, is equally considered a folk legend, around whom gathered many Jewish legends: according to some traditions he lived to be 3,000 years old and clung to Noah's ark during the Deluge. In Islamic lore, he is referred to as ‘Uj ibn Anaq, evidently one of the giants mentioned in the Qur'an (jababirat or jabbirun).
Og is mentioned in Jewish folklore as being alive from the time of Noah up until the time of his death in battle with the Jews. It is also written in the Midrash that he had a special compartment in Noah's Ark just for him. Aggadah suggests an alternative to this, that he sat upon the top of the ark, riding out the flood for the duration of the storm from this location.
'Uj ibn 'Anaq see Og
Og (‘Uj ibn ‘Anaq) was the king of Bashan in modern Syria who was mentioned in the Old Testament. The Qur’an does not mention him, but the giant king is described by Abu Ja‘far al-Tabari, Abu Mansur al-Husayn al-Tha‘alibi and Abu’l-Hasan al-Kisa’i.
According to several books of the Old Testament, Og was an ancient Amorite king of Jerusalem who, along with an army, was slain by Joshua and his men at the battle of Edrei (probably modern day Daraa, Syria). The internal chronology of the Deuteronomistic History and the Torah would suggest Og's overthrow and the conquest of Canaan by Israel around c. 1500 or 1200 B.C.T., although Bible critics attest that these books may have been written no earlier than the 7th-6th centuries B.C.T., and are considered by some Bible critics to be of uncertain historical accuracy.
Og, the giant of the Amorites, is equally considered a folk legend, around whom gathered many Jewish legends: according to some traditions he lived to be 3,000 years old and clung to Noah's ark during the Deluge. In Islamic lore, he is referred to as ‘Uj ibn Anaq, evidently one of the giants mentioned in the Qur'an (jababirat or jabbirun).
Og is mentioned in Jewish folklore as being alive from the time of Noah up until the time of his death in battle with the Jews. It is also written in the Midrash that he had a special compartment in Noah's Ark just for him. Aggadah suggests an alternative to this, that he sat upon the top of the ark, riding out the flood for the duration of the storm from this location.
'Uj ibn 'Anaq see Og
Ogan-Besemah
Ogan-Besemah. The term “Ogan-Besemah” designates an ethnic and linguistic family of peoples living in the province of South Sumatra, Indonesia. The Ogan-Besemah area covers most of the province, from the outskirts of Palembang in the east to the mountainous border with Bengkulu in the west. Members of the several societies comprising this family consider themselves more akin to each other than to other peoples inhabiting the province -- the Komering to the south, Malay speakers to the east and Rejang to the north.
Although Palembang is represented in Malay myths as the site of the early kingdom of Srivijaya and the origin place of the Malay sultans, the interior Ogan Besemah area was relatively independent of Palembang rulers. Dutch rule shakily commenced in 1816, but was long limited to the capital. In different areas of Ogan Besemah, local leaders organized active resistance from the 1840s on, and formal annexation of Besemah into the Palembang residence was not until 1866. Present provincial divisions place the area in South Sumatra, and western Besemah people play a particularly dominant role in provincial politics.
Ogan-Besemah. The term “Ogan-Besemah” designates an ethnic and linguistic family of peoples living in the province of South Sumatra, Indonesia. The Ogan-Besemah area covers most of the province, from the outskirts of Palembang in the east to the mountainous border with Bengkulu in the west. Members of the several societies comprising this family consider themselves more akin to each other than to other peoples inhabiting the province -- the Komering to the south, Malay speakers to the east and Rejang to the north.
Although Palembang is represented in Malay myths as the site of the early kingdom of Srivijaya and the origin place of the Malay sultans, the interior Ogan Besemah area was relatively independent of Palembang rulers. Dutch rule shakily commenced in 1816, but was long limited to the capital. In different areas of Ogan Besemah, local leaders organized active resistance from the 1840s on, and formal annexation of Besemah into the Palembang residence was not until 1866. Present provincial divisions place the area in South Sumatra, and western Besemah people play a particularly dominant role in provincial politics.
Ogedey
Ogedey (Ogadai) (Ogodei) (Ogdai) (Ugedei) (b. 1185/1189, Mongolia - d. 1241, Karakorum, Mongolia). Third son of Genghis Khan and the second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (r.1229-1241). During his reign, the empire continued to expand into China, Persia, Russia and Eastern Europe.
The third son of Genghis, Ögödei succeeded his father in 1229. He was the first ruler of the Mongols to call himself khagan (“great khan”); his father used only the title khan. He made his headquarters on the Orhon River in central Mongolia, where he built the capital city of Karakorum on the site laid out by his father. Like his father, he carried out several simultaneous campaigns, using generals in the field who acted independently but who were subject to his orders. The orders were transmitted by a messenger system that covered almost all of Asia.
In the East, Ögödei launched an attack on the Jin (Juchen) dynasty of North China. The Song dynasty in South China wished to regain territory lost to the Jin and therefore allied itself with the Mongols, helping Ögödei take the Jin capital at Kaifeng in 1234.
Ögödei’s Chinese adviser, Yelü Chucai, convinced him to reverse previous Mongol policy. Instead of leveling North China and all its inhabitants in the usual Mongol manner, he preserved the country in order to utilize the wealth and skills of its inhabitants. That decision not only saved Chinese culture in North China but it also gave the Mongols access to the Chinese weapons that later enabled them to conquer the technologically superior Song. Knowledge of governmental techniques gained from the people of North China made it possible for the Mongols to be rulers as well as conquerors of China.
In the western part of his empire, Ögödei sent Mongol armies into Iran, Iraq, and Russia. With the sacking of Kiev in 1240, the Mongols finally crushed Russian resistance. In the next year Mongol forces defeated a joint army of German and Polish troops and then marched through Hungary and reached the Adriatic Sea. Thereafter for more than 200 years Russia remained tributary to the Mongols of the Golden Horde.
Ögödei died during a drinking bout, and his troops called off their intended invasion of western Europe. His widow, Töregene, ruled as regent until 1246 when she handed over the throne to Güyük, her eldest son by Ögödei. Ögödei is described in contemporary sources as a stern, energetic man given to drinking and lasciviousness.
Ogadai see Ogedey
Ogodei see Ogedey
Ogdai see Ogedey
Ugedei see Ogedey
Ogedey (Ogadai) (Ogodei) (Ogdai) (Ugedei) (b. 1185/1189, Mongolia - d. 1241, Karakorum, Mongolia). Third son of Genghis Khan and the second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (r.1229-1241). During his reign, the empire continued to expand into China, Persia, Russia and Eastern Europe.
The third son of Genghis, Ögödei succeeded his father in 1229. He was the first ruler of the Mongols to call himself khagan (“great khan”); his father used only the title khan. He made his headquarters on the Orhon River in central Mongolia, where he built the capital city of Karakorum on the site laid out by his father. Like his father, he carried out several simultaneous campaigns, using generals in the field who acted independently but who were subject to his orders. The orders were transmitted by a messenger system that covered almost all of Asia.
In the East, Ögödei launched an attack on the Jin (Juchen) dynasty of North China. The Song dynasty in South China wished to regain territory lost to the Jin and therefore allied itself with the Mongols, helping Ögödei take the Jin capital at Kaifeng in 1234.
Ögödei’s Chinese adviser, Yelü Chucai, convinced him to reverse previous Mongol policy. Instead of leveling North China and all its inhabitants in the usual Mongol manner, he preserved the country in order to utilize the wealth and skills of its inhabitants. That decision not only saved Chinese culture in North China but it also gave the Mongols access to the Chinese weapons that later enabled them to conquer the technologically superior Song. Knowledge of governmental techniques gained from the people of North China made it possible for the Mongols to be rulers as well as conquerors of China.
In the western part of his empire, Ögödei sent Mongol armies into Iran, Iraq, and Russia. With the sacking of Kiev in 1240, the Mongols finally crushed Russian resistance. In the next year Mongol forces defeated a joint army of German and Polish troops and then marched through Hungary and reached the Adriatic Sea. Thereafter for more than 200 years Russia remained tributary to the Mongols of the Golden Horde.
Ögödei died during a drinking bout, and his troops called off their intended invasion of western Europe. His widow, Töregene, ruled as regent until 1246 when she handed over the throne to Güyük, her eldest son by Ögödei. Ögödei is described in contemporary sources as a stern, energetic man given to drinking and lasciviousness.
Ogadai see Ogedey
Ogodei see Ogedey
Ogdai see Ogedey
Ugedei see Ogedey
Oghuz
Oghuz (Oguz) (Ghuzz) (Guozz) (Kuz) (Okuz) (Oufoi) (Ouz) (Ouzoi) (Torks) (Turkmen) (Uguz) (Uğuz) (Uz). Name of an eastern Turkish people, the best-known tribes being the Uyghurs, the Saljuqs, the Artuqids and the Ottomans. In the ninth century, some groups spread to the west and are known to have settled around Diyarbakr. In the tenth century, they occupied a territory the southern border of which was formed by the Aral Sea and the Iaxartes, where they came in touch with the Muslim world. By the end of the tenth century, Islam had become general among them. By that time, those of the Oghuz who had become Muslim were indicated with the name Turkmen, but later the name Oghuz was also used for the Muslims. In the third and fourth decades of the eleventh century, a group, under the leadership of Chaghri-Beg and Tughril-Beg of the Saljuq family, expanded westwards, and defeated the Ghaznavid Mas‘ud in 1040. The greater part of Persia and Iraq was conquered on behalf of the so-called Great Saljuqs. Most of the Oghuz concentrated in Azerbaijan, from where a section spread to Asia Minor and converted it into what from then on was known as Turkey. Oghuz tribes who had remained behind in Central Asia were driven back by the Karakhitai and settled in Khurasan. They defeated the Great Saljuq Sanjar in 1153, but were subdued by the Khwarazm-Shahs. After the foundation of the Mongol Empire in the thirteenth century, the name Oghuz is no longer found, whereas that of Turkmen has survived until the present day. The epic of the Oghuz is called Oghuz-nama.
In the ninth century the Oghuz Turks from the Aral steppes drove the Pecheneg Turks of the Emba region and the River Ural toward the west. In the tenth century they inhabited the steppe of the rivers Sari-su, Turgai, and Emba to the north of Lake Balkhash of modern day Kazakhstan. A clan of this nation, the Seljuks, embraced Islam and in the eleventh century entered Persia, where it founded the Great Seljuk Empire.
Similarly, in the eleventh century a Tengriist Oghuz clan—referred to as Uzes or Torks in the Russian chronicles—overthrew Pecheneg supremacy in the Russian steppe. Harried by another Turkic horde, the Kipchaks—a branch of the Kimaks of the middle Irtysh or of the Ob—these Oghuz penetrated as far as the lower Danube, crossed it and invaded the Balkans, where they were either crushed or struck down by an outbreak of plague, causing the survivors either to flee or to join the Byzantine imperial forces as mercenaries (1065).
Oguz see Oghuz
Ghuzz see Oghuz
Guozz see Oghuz
Kuz see Oghuz
Oufoi see Oghuz
Uguz see Oghuz
Oghuz (Oguz) (Ghuzz) (Guozz) (Kuz) (Okuz) (Oufoi) (Ouz) (Ouzoi) (Torks) (Turkmen) (Uguz) (Uğuz) (Uz). Name of an eastern Turkish people, the best-known tribes being the Uyghurs, the Saljuqs, the Artuqids and the Ottomans. In the ninth century, some groups spread to the west and are known to have settled around Diyarbakr. In the tenth century, they occupied a territory the southern border of which was formed by the Aral Sea and the Iaxartes, where they came in touch with the Muslim world. By the end of the tenth century, Islam had become general among them. By that time, those of the Oghuz who had become Muslim were indicated with the name Turkmen, but later the name Oghuz was also used for the Muslims. In the third and fourth decades of the eleventh century, a group, under the leadership of Chaghri-Beg and Tughril-Beg of the Saljuq family, expanded westwards, and defeated the Ghaznavid Mas‘ud in 1040. The greater part of Persia and Iraq was conquered on behalf of the so-called Great Saljuqs. Most of the Oghuz concentrated in Azerbaijan, from where a section spread to Asia Minor and converted it into what from then on was known as Turkey. Oghuz tribes who had remained behind in Central Asia were driven back by the Karakhitai and settled in Khurasan. They defeated the Great Saljuq Sanjar in 1153, but were subdued by the Khwarazm-Shahs. After the foundation of the Mongol Empire in the thirteenth century, the name Oghuz is no longer found, whereas that of Turkmen has survived until the present day. The epic of the Oghuz is called Oghuz-nama.
In the ninth century the Oghuz Turks from the Aral steppes drove the Pecheneg Turks of the Emba region and the River Ural toward the west. In the tenth century they inhabited the steppe of the rivers Sari-su, Turgai, and Emba to the north of Lake Balkhash of modern day Kazakhstan. A clan of this nation, the Seljuks, embraced Islam and in the eleventh century entered Persia, where it founded the Great Seljuk Empire.
Similarly, in the eleventh century a Tengriist Oghuz clan—referred to as Uzes or Torks in the Russian chronicles—overthrew Pecheneg supremacy in the Russian steppe. Harried by another Turkic horde, the Kipchaks—a branch of the Kimaks of the middle Irtysh or of the Ob—these Oghuz penetrated as far as the lower Danube, crossed it and invaded the Balkans, where they were either crushed or struck down by an outbreak of plague, causing the survivors either to flee or to join the Byzantine imperial forces as mercenaries (1065).
Oguz see Oghuz
Ghuzz see Oghuz
Guozz see Oghuz
Kuz see Oghuz
Oufoi see Oghuz
Uguz see Oghuz
Olajuwon, Hakeem
Olajuwon, Hakeem (Hakeem Olajuwon) (Hakeem Abdul Olajuwon) (Hakeem the Dream) (Akeem Olajuwon) (b. January 21, 1963). Professional basketball player. He was born in Lagos, Nigeria. He first saw basketball when he was 15. Before then he had played soccer and cricket. However, being almost seven feet tall, his future was found to be with basketball. He played collegiately at the University of Houston, leading the Houston Cougars to two trips to the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) Final Four. Olajuwon left college after his junior year following his selection as a 1984 consensus First Team All-American. He was also the 1983 NCAA Tournament Most Valuable Player (MVP). Drafted by the Houston Rockets, in his first year in the NBA, Olajuwon was named to the All-Rookie First Team, after finishing as runner up to Michael Jordan for Rookie of the Year in 1985. Along with 7'4" Ralph Sampson, Olajuwon led the Rockets to the NBA (National Basketball Association) Finals in 1986, only to lose to the Boston Celtics. However, in the process, he set and NBA Finals record for most blocks in a game with 8 in Game 5. In 1993-1994, Olajuwon had an incredible year. While leading the Houston Rockets to the National Basketball Association Championship, Olajuwon was named Defensive Player of the Year, NBA Finals MVP, and League MVP. The Rockets repeated as NBA Champions in 1995. During his career, Olajuwon was the League MVP (1994); a two time Defensive Player of the Year (1993, 1994); a five time All-NBA First Team selection (1987, 1988, 1989, 1993 and 1994); and a five time All-Defensive First Team selection (1987, 1988, 1990, 1993, and 1994). A naturalized United States citizen, Olajuwon played for the United States on the Olympic Gold Medal winning “Dream Team III” in 1996. He holds the distinction of recording one of only 3 quadruple doubles in NBA history with 18 points, 16 rebounds, 11 blocks and 10 assists in a game against Milwaukee on March 29, 1990.
Because of his outstanding career, Olajuwon was named one of the NBA’s 50 All-Time Greatest Players.
Hakeem Olajuwon was Nigerian-born American professional basketball player who led the Houston Rockets to consecutive National Basketball Association (NBA) championships in 1994 and 1995.
Olajuwon was unfamiliar with basketball until age 15, instead playing association football (soccer) and team handball in Lagos, Nigeria. After two years of familiarizing himself with the sport, the 7-foot (2.13-meter) center was recruited to play collegiate basketball in the United States at the University of Houston. In Olajuwon’s first season, Houston advanced to the Final Four (national championship semifinals) of the 1982 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) tournament (see March Madness). The next year, Houston returned to the Final Four but lost the national championship game to North Carolina State University in a dramatic upset; even so, Olajuwon was named the tournament’s Most Outstanding Player. In 1984 Houston again advanced to the NCAA tournament’s final game, but the national championship eluded Olajuwon once more as his team fell to Georgetown University, led by star player Patrick Ewing.
Olajuwon left college after his junior year and was selected by the Houston Rockets with the first pick in the 1984 NBA draft. The Rockets reached the play-offs in his first year with the team, and in his second they narrowly failed to win the championship, losing to the Boston Celtics in the NBA finals. The Rockets regressed slightly in the following years, advancing past the first round of the play-offs just once between 1987 and 1992, but Olajuwon continued his impressive individual play, which was highlighted by his tenacious defensive ability and his incredibly nimble footwork on offense. His signature move was known as the “Dream Shake,” a series of feints, spins, and drop steps he would perform close to the basket that often confounded opposing defenders and left Olajuwon with an open shot.
Olajuwon reached the pinnacle of his career in the mid-1990s. He was named the NBA’s Defensive Player of the Year for the 1992–93 and 1993–94 seasons and was also the league’s Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1993–94. His MVP season was capped with a seven-game victory over the New York Knicks in the NBA finals, and Olajuwon was named finals MVP for his efforts. He led the Rockets to a second championship the following year and was again named finals MVP. His production slipped due to injuries and age in the late 1990s, and in 2001 he was traded to the Toronto Raptors, where he played only one season before retiring in 2002. At the time of his retirement, Olajuwon ranked 7th in career points scored in the NBA and 11th in career rebounds; he was also the league’s all-time leader in blocked shots. A 12-time All-Star, Olajuwon was named one of the NBA’s 50 greatest players in 1996, and he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008.
Olajuwon married his current wife Dalia Asafi on August 8, 1996, in Houston. They have two daughters, Rahmah and Aisha Olajuwon. Abisola Olajuwon, his daughter with former wife and college sweetheart Lita Spencer, represented the West Girls in the McDonald's All American Game and played with the WNBA's Chicago Sky.
Olajuwon was recognized as one of the league's elite centers despite his strict observance of Ramadan (e.g., abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours for about a month), which occurred during virtually every season of his career. Olajuwon was noted as sometimes playing better during the month, and in 1995 he was named NBA Player of the Month in February, even though Ramadan began on February 1 of that year.
Olajuwon's career accolades include:
* 2× NBA champion (1994, '95)
* 2× NBA Finals MVP (1994, '95)
* 1× NBA MVP (1994)
* 2× Defensive Player of Year (1993, '94)
* 6× All-NBA First Team (1987, '88, '89, '93, '94, '97)
* 3× All-NBA Second Team ('86, '90, '96)
* 3× All-NBA Third Team (1991, '95, '99)
* 5× All-Defensive First Team ('87, '88, '90, '93, '94)
* 12× All-Star
* Olympic gold medalist (1996)
* Named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History (1996).
* Only player in NBA history to have won MVP, Finals MVP and Defensive Player of the Year awards in the same season (1993–94).
* One of the 4 players in NBA history to have ever recorded a quadruple-double.
* The third of five players in NBA history to lead the league in blocks and rebounding in the same season (1989–90)
* The other four players are Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1975-76), Bill Walton (1976-77), Ben Wallace (2001-02) and Dwight Howard (2008-09).
* Olajuwon also won the rebounding and blocked shots titles in 1989-90, becoming the third player ever (after Abdul-Jabbar and Bill Walton) to lead the league in both categories during the same season.
* All-time leader in blocked shots. (note: the NBA did not keep statistics for blocked shots until the 1973-74 season)
* Olajuwon is also in the top ten in blocks, scoring, rebounding, and steals. He is the only player in NBA history placed in the top ten for all four categories.
* All-time NBA Playoffs leader in total blocks with 472 and blocks per game with 3.3 per game.
* Olajuwon ranks 8th all-time in steals and is the highest ranked center. (note that steals were not recorded until the 1973-74 season).
* In 1989, Olajuwon had 282 blocks and 218 steals, becoming the only NBA player to record over 200 blocks and 200 steals in a season.
* Olajuwon is one of few players to record more than 200 blocks and 100 steals in a season. As the all-time leader in this feat, he did it for 11 seasons (consecutively from the 1985-86 season to the 1995-96 season). The next closest is David Robinson, who did it for 7 seasons.
* Olajuwon was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a member of the class of 2008.
Hakeem Olajuwon see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Hakeem Abdul Olajuwon see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Hakeem the Dream see Olajuwon, Hakeem
The Dream see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Akeem Olajuwon see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Olajuwon, Akeem see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Olajuwon, Hakeem (Hakeem Olajuwon) (Hakeem Abdul Olajuwon) (Hakeem the Dream) (Akeem Olajuwon) (b. January 21, 1963). Professional basketball player. He was born in Lagos, Nigeria. He first saw basketball when he was 15. Before then he had played soccer and cricket. However, being almost seven feet tall, his future was found to be with basketball. He played collegiately at the University of Houston, leading the Houston Cougars to two trips to the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) Final Four. Olajuwon left college after his junior year following his selection as a 1984 consensus First Team All-American. He was also the 1983 NCAA Tournament Most Valuable Player (MVP). Drafted by the Houston Rockets, in his first year in the NBA, Olajuwon was named to the All-Rookie First Team, after finishing as runner up to Michael Jordan for Rookie of the Year in 1985. Along with 7'4" Ralph Sampson, Olajuwon led the Rockets to the NBA (National Basketball Association) Finals in 1986, only to lose to the Boston Celtics. However, in the process, he set and NBA Finals record for most blocks in a game with 8 in Game 5. In 1993-1994, Olajuwon had an incredible year. While leading the Houston Rockets to the National Basketball Association Championship, Olajuwon was named Defensive Player of the Year, NBA Finals MVP, and League MVP. The Rockets repeated as NBA Champions in 1995. During his career, Olajuwon was the League MVP (1994); a two time Defensive Player of the Year (1993, 1994); a five time All-NBA First Team selection (1987, 1988, 1989, 1993 and 1994); and a five time All-Defensive First Team selection (1987, 1988, 1990, 1993, and 1994). A naturalized United States citizen, Olajuwon played for the United States on the Olympic Gold Medal winning “Dream Team III” in 1996. He holds the distinction of recording one of only 3 quadruple doubles in NBA history with 18 points, 16 rebounds, 11 blocks and 10 assists in a game against Milwaukee on March 29, 1990.
Because of his outstanding career, Olajuwon was named one of the NBA’s 50 All-Time Greatest Players.
Hakeem Olajuwon was Nigerian-born American professional basketball player who led the Houston Rockets to consecutive National Basketball Association (NBA) championships in 1994 and 1995.
Olajuwon was unfamiliar with basketball until age 15, instead playing association football (soccer) and team handball in Lagos, Nigeria. After two years of familiarizing himself with the sport, the 7-foot (2.13-meter) center was recruited to play collegiate basketball in the United States at the University of Houston. In Olajuwon’s first season, Houston advanced to the Final Four (national championship semifinals) of the 1982 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) tournament (see March Madness). The next year, Houston returned to the Final Four but lost the national championship game to North Carolina State University in a dramatic upset; even so, Olajuwon was named the tournament’s Most Outstanding Player. In 1984 Houston again advanced to the NCAA tournament’s final game, but the national championship eluded Olajuwon once more as his team fell to Georgetown University, led by star player Patrick Ewing.
Olajuwon left college after his junior year and was selected by the Houston Rockets with the first pick in the 1984 NBA draft. The Rockets reached the play-offs in his first year with the team, and in his second they narrowly failed to win the championship, losing to the Boston Celtics in the NBA finals. The Rockets regressed slightly in the following years, advancing past the first round of the play-offs just once between 1987 and 1992, but Olajuwon continued his impressive individual play, which was highlighted by his tenacious defensive ability and his incredibly nimble footwork on offense. His signature move was known as the “Dream Shake,” a series of feints, spins, and drop steps he would perform close to the basket that often confounded opposing defenders and left Olajuwon with an open shot.
Olajuwon reached the pinnacle of his career in the mid-1990s. He was named the NBA’s Defensive Player of the Year for the 1992–93 and 1993–94 seasons and was also the league’s Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1993–94. His MVP season was capped with a seven-game victory over the New York Knicks in the NBA finals, and Olajuwon was named finals MVP for his efforts. He led the Rockets to a second championship the following year and was again named finals MVP. His production slipped due to injuries and age in the late 1990s, and in 2001 he was traded to the Toronto Raptors, where he played only one season before retiring in 2002. At the time of his retirement, Olajuwon ranked 7th in career points scored in the NBA and 11th in career rebounds; he was also the league’s all-time leader in blocked shots. A 12-time All-Star, Olajuwon was named one of the NBA’s 50 greatest players in 1996, and he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008.
Olajuwon married his current wife Dalia Asafi on August 8, 1996, in Houston. They have two daughters, Rahmah and Aisha Olajuwon. Abisola Olajuwon, his daughter with former wife and college sweetheart Lita Spencer, represented the West Girls in the McDonald's All American Game and played with the WNBA's Chicago Sky.
Olajuwon was recognized as one of the league's elite centers despite his strict observance of Ramadan (e.g., abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours for about a month), which occurred during virtually every season of his career. Olajuwon was noted as sometimes playing better during the month, and in 1995 he was named NBA Player of the Month in February, even though Ramadan began on February 1 of that year.
Olajuwon's career accolades include:
* 2× NBA champion (1994, '95)
* 2× NBA Finals MVP (1994, '95)
* 1× NBA MVP (1994)
* 2× Defensive Player of Year (1993, '94)
* 6× All-NBA First Team (1987, '88, '89, '93, '94, '97)
* 3× All-NBA Second Team ('86, '90, '96)
* 3× All-NBA Third Team (1991, '95, '99)
* 5× All-Defensive First Team ('87, '88, '90, '93, '94)
* 12× All-Star
* Olympic gold medalist (1996)
* Named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History (1996).
* Only player in NBA history to have won MVP, Finals MVP and Defensive Player of the Year awards in the same season (1993–94).
* One of the 4 players in NBA history to have ever recorded a quadruple-double.
* The third of five players in NBA history to lead the league in blocks and rebounding in the same season (1989–90)
* The other four players are Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1975-76), Bill Walton (1976-77), Ben Wallace (2001-02) and Dwight Howard (2008-09).
* Olajuwon also won the rebounding and blocked shots titles in 1989-90, becoming the third player ever (after Abdul-Jabbar and Bill Walton) to lead the league in both categories during the same season.
* All-time leader in blocked shots. (note: the NBA did not keep statistics for blocked shots until the 1973-74 season)
* Olajuwon is also in the top ten in blocks, scoring, rebounding, and steals. He is the only player in NBA history placed in the top ten for all four categories.
* All-time NBA Playoffs leader in total blocks with 472 and blocks per game with 3.3 per game.
* Olajuwon ranks 8th all-time in steals and is the highest ranked center. (note that steals were not recorded until the 1973-74 season).
* In 1989, Olajuwon had 282 blocks and 218 steals, becoming the only NBA player to record over 200 blocks and 200 steals in a season.
* Olajuwon is one of few players to record more than 200 blocks and 100 steals in a season. As the all-time leader in this feat, he did it for 11 seasons (consecutively from the 1985-86 season to the 1995-96 season). The next closest is David Robinson, who did it for 7 seasons.
* Olajuwon was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a member of the class of 2008.
Hakeem Olajuwon see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Hakeem Abdul Olajuwon see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Hakeem the Dream see Olajuwon, Hakeem
The Dream see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Akeem Olajuwon see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Olajuwon, Akeem see Olajuwon, Hakeem
Oljeytu
Oljeytu (Uljaytu) Khudabanda, Ghiyath al-Din (Öljaitü) (Oljeitu) (Olcayto) (Uljeitu) (Muhammad Khodabandeh) (Moḥammad Khudābanda) (Khodābandeh from Persian meaning the "Man of God") (1280 - December 16, 1316, Soltaniyeh, near Kazvin, Iran). Mongol Il-Khan ruler of Persia (1304-1316 (1317?)). He was baptized as a Christian but became a Buddhist, and afterwards embraced Islam. Showing at first preference for the Shi‘a, he became an adherent of the Sunna, and finally joined the Shi‘a again. He continued the traditional warfare of his predecessors with the Mamluks and their friendly relations with European Christian powers. He established his chief seasonal residence at the recently founded town of Sultaniyya, where his mausoleum is still to be seen.
A great-grandson of Hülegü, founder of the Il-Khan dynasty, Öljeitü was baptized a Christian and given the name Nicholas by his mother. As a youth he converted to Buddhism and later to the Sunnite branch of Islām, taking the name Moḥammad Khudābanda. After the death (1304) of his brother Maḥmūd Ghāzān, the seventh Il-Khan, he disposed of his rivals easily and acceded to a relatively peaceful reign. In 1307, the Caspian province of Jilan was conquered, strengthening Il-Khan rule, and a potentially dangerous rebellion was crushed in Herāt (now in Afghanistan). The traditional hostility between the Il-Khans and the Mamelūkes of Syria and Egypt persisted, however, and a badly organized invasion of Mamelūke territory took place in 1312. The expedition had to be abandoned after expected help from European princes failed to materialize.
Öljeitü changed his religious affiliations several times. His conversion to Sunnite Islām is attributed to one of his wives. During the winter of 1307–08 there ensued a bitter religious feud between the adherents of the Ḥanafī and Shafīʿī schools of Sunnite Islāmic law, so disgusting Öljeitü that he considered converting back to Buddhism, a course that proved politically impossible. Greatly influenced by the Shīʿite theologian Ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Hillī, he came to embrace the religion; and on his return from a visit to the tomb of ʿAlī in Iraq (1309–10), he proclaimed Shīʿite Islām to be the state religion of Iran.
An active patron of the arts, Öljeitü built a new capital at Soltānīyeh that required the efforts of many artists, who made it a masterpiece of Il-Khanid architecture. He lent vital encouragement and support to Rashīd ad-Dīn’s monumental world history and to the endeavors of Iranian poets.
Uljaytu see Oljeytu
Ghiyath al-Din Khudabanda see Oljeytu
Khudabanda, Ghiyath al-Din see Oljeytu
Oljaitu see Oljeytu
Muhammad Khodabandeh see Oljeytu
Mohammad Khudabanda see Oljeytu
Oljeytu (Uljaytu) Khudabanda, Ghiyath al-Din (Öljaitü) (Oljeitu) (Olcayto) (Uljeitu) (Muhammad Khodabandeh) (Moḥammad Khudābanda) (Khodābandeh from Persian meaning the "Man of God") (1280 - December 16, 1316, Soltaniyeh, near Kazvin, Iran). Mongol Il-Khan ruler of Persia (1304-1316 (1317?)). He was baptized as a Christian but became a Buddhist, and afterwards embraced Islam. Showing at first preference for the Shi‘a, he became an adherent of the Sunna, and finally joined the Shi‘a again. He continued the traditional warfare of his predecessors with the Mamluks and their friendly relations with European Christian powers. He established his chief seasonal residence at the recently founded town of Sultaniyya, where his mausoleum is still to be seen.
A great-grandson of Hülegü, founder of the Il-Khan dynasty, Öljeitü was baptized a Christian and given the name Nicholas by his mother. As a youth he converted to Buddhism and later to the Sunnite branch of Islām, taking the name Moḥammad Khudābanda. After the death (1304) of his brother Maḥmūd Ghāzān, the seventh Il-Khan, he disposed of his rivals easily and acceded to a relatively peaceful reign. In 1307, the Caspian province of Jilan was conquered, strengthening Il-Khan rule, and a potentially dangerous rebellion was crushed in Herāt (now in Afghanistan). The traditional hostility between the Il-Khans and the Mamelūkes of Syria and Egypt persisted, however, and a badly organized invasion of Mamelūke territory took place in 1312. The expedition had to be abandoned after expected help from European princes failed to materialize.
Öljeitü changed his religious affiliations several times. His conversion to Sunnite Islām is attributed to one of his wives. During the winter of 1307–08 there ensued a bitter religious feud between the adherents of the Ḥanafī and Shafīʿī schools of Sunnite Islāmic law, so disgusting Öljeitü that he considered converting back to Buddhism, a course that proved politically impossible. Greatly influenced by the Shīʿite theologian Ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Hillī, he came to embrace the religion; and on his return from a visit to the tomb of ʿAlī in Iraq (1309–10), he proclaimed Shīʿite Islām to be the state religion of Iran.
An active patron of the arts, Öljeitü built a new capital at Soltānīyeh that required the efforts of many artists, who made it a masterpiece of Il-Khanid architecture. He lent vital encouragement and support to Rashīd ad-Dīn’s monumental world history and to the endeavors of Iranian poets.
Uljaytu see Oljeytu
Ghiyath al-Din Khudabanda see Oljeytu
Khudabanda, Ghiyath al-Din see Oljeytu
Oljaitu see Oljeytu
Muhammad Khodabandeh see Oljeytu
Mohammad Khudabanda see Oljeytu
Olorum Ulua
Olorum Ulua. An Afro-Brazilian deity worshipped by black descendants of Yoruba Muslim slaves in Bahia and other cities. It is apparently a combination of two deities: the Yoruba Olorum and Allah, the Muslim God.
Ulua, Olorum see Olorum Ulua.
Olorum Ulua. An Afro-Brazilian deity worshipped by black descendants of Yoruba Muslim slaves in Bahia and other cities. It is apparently a combination of two deities: the Yoruba Olorum and Allah, the Muslim God.
Ulua, Olorum see Olorum Ulua.
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