Miskawayh
Miskawayh (Ibn Miskawayh) (Abu 'Ali Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Ibn Miskawayh) (932-1030). Philosopher and historian from Rayy. Writing in Arabic, he was one of the particularly brilliant intellectual generation who worked in Buyid Persia and Iraq between 961 and 1039. As a philosopher, he is distinguished by the central importance he attached to ethics. His universal history from the Flood to the year 980 is original only in the last part dealing with the Buyids.
Ibn Miskawayh was a prominent Persian philosopher and historian from Ray, Iran. He was active during the Buwayhid era. As a neo-platonist, his influence on Islamic philosophy is primarily on in the area of ethics. He was the author of the first major Islamic work on philosophical ethics, entitled Tadhib al-akhlaq (Ethical Instruction), focusing on practical ethics, conduct, and refinement of character. He separated personal ethics from the public realm, and contrasted the liberating nature of reason with the deception and temptation of nature.
Miskawayh may have been a Mazdaean convert to Islam but it seems more likely that it was one of his ancestors who converted. He was fluent enough in Middle Persian to have translated some pre-Islamic texts in that language into Arabic. He worked as a secretary and librarian for a sequence of viziers, including Adud al-Dawla, whom he greatly admired.
Some contemporary sources associated him with the Brethren of Purity, claiming that some of his writings were used in the compilation of the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity.
Miskawayh has been considered to be the peak of Islamic historiography. In his Tajarib al-umam (Experiences of Nations), he was the one of the first major Muslim historians to write a chronicle of contemporary events as an eyewitness. As a Buwayhid bureaucrat, he worked under the vizier al-Muhallabi and had access to the internal happenings of the court. The chronicle is a universal history from the beginning of Islam, but it cuts off near the end of the reign of Adud al-Dawla.
Abu 'Ali Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Ibn Miskawayh see Miskawayh
Ibn Miskawayh see Miskawayh
Miskawayh (Ibn Miskawayh) (Abu 'Ali Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Ibn Miskawayh) (932-1030). Philosopher and historian from Rayy. Writing in Arabic, he was one of the particularly brilliant intellectual generation who worked in Buyid Persia and Iraq between 961 and 1039. As a philosopher, he is distinguished by the central importance he attached to ethics. His universal history from the Flood to the year 980 is original only in the last part dealing with the Buyids.
Ibn Miskawayh was a prominent Persian philosopher and historian from Ray, Iran. He was active during the Buwayhid era. As a neo-platonist, his influence on Islamic philosophy is primarily on in the area of ethics. He was the author of the first major Islamic work on philosophical ethics, entitled Tadhib al-akhlaq (Ethical Instruction), focusing on practical ethics, conduct, and refinement of character. He separated personal ethics from the public realm, and contrasted the liberating nature of reason with the deception and temptation of nature.
Miskawayh may have been a Mazdaean convert to Islam but it seems more likely that it was one of his ancestors who converted. He was fluent enough in Middle Persian to have translated some pre-Islamic texts in that language into Arabic. He worked as a secretary and librarian for a sequence of viziers, including Adud al-Dawla, whom he greatly admired.
Some contemporary sources associated him with the Brethren of Purity, claiming that some of his writings were used in the compilation of the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity.
Miskawayh has been considered to be the peak of Islamic historiography. In his Tajarib al-umam (Experiences of Nations), he was the one of the first major Muslim historians to write a chronicle of contemporary events as an eyewitness. As a Buwayhid bureaucrat, he worked under the vizier al-Muhallabi and had access to the internal happenings of the court. The chronicle is a universal history from the beginning of Islam, but it cuts off near the end of the reign of Adud al-Dawla.
Abu 'Ali Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Ibn Miskawayh see Miskawayh
Ibn Miskawayh see Miskawayh
Misrata
Misrata. Berber tribe belonging to the branch of the Hawwara of the Baranis (Branes) group.
Misrata. Berber tribe belonging to the branch of the Hawwara of the Baranis (Branes) group.
The mithkal or sextula (in Persian and Arabic: مثقال) is an Arabic unit of weight used in Iran, mostly for weighing gold and Saffron. It is equivalent to a little over 4.6 grams. The word mithkal is sometimes also used to mean a very small amount, due to its use in the Qu'ran in this way.
As a measure of conversion, one Mithkal is equal to:
- 4.6875 g = 72.3392 grains = 0.1507 troy ounces
Mizanji Mehmed Murad
Mizanji Mehmed Murad (1854-1917). Ottoman politician, official and journalist. Among other works, he wrote an Ottoman history in 12 volumes.
Murad, Mizanji Mehmed see Mizanji Mehmed Murad
Mizanji Mehmed Murad (1854-1917). Ottoman politician, official and journalist. Among other works, he wrote an Ottoman history in 12 volumes.
Murad, Mizanji Mehmed see Mizanji Mehmed Murad
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